
印度公司事务部 (MCA) 负责监管该国的企业和有限责任合伙企业。簿记是实体运营的重要组成部分,任何篡改行为都可能导致欺诈并造成巨大损失。
长期以来,公司可以随时进行任何交易,并可多次更改交易内容,且无需保留任何修改或删除记录。在许多情况下,公司会在整个财年结束后、编制财务报表时才进行会计处理,或者在交易未被上报的情况下,随时根据需要更改交易记录。
为了提高账簿的透明度,MCA 已强制要求每家公司在其会计软件中具备审计追踪功能。该要求最初提议于 2021 年 4 月 1 日起实施。然而,考虑到各方反馈,MCA 最初将实施日期推迟至 2022 年 4 月 1 日,随后又进一步推迟至 2023 年 4 月 1 日。目前,自 2023 年 4 月 1 日起,每家公司都必须在其会计软件中提供审计追踪功能。
本文详细分析了审计追踪工具的工作原理、其影响以及公司在实施过程中可能面临的挑战等。
“但书规定,对于 2021 年 4 月 1 日或之后开始的财政年度,凡使用会计软件维护账簿的每家公司,仅应使用具备以下功能的会计软件:记录每一笔交易的审计追踪,为账簿中的每一次更改创建编辑日志,并注明更改日期,同时确保审计追踪功能无法被禁用。”
“(g) 对于 2022 年 4 月 1 日或之后开始的财政年度,公司是否使用了具备审计追踪(编辑日志)功能的会计软件来维护账簿,该功能是否在全年内针对软件中记录的所有交易持续运行,审计追踪功能是否未被篡改,以及公司是否已按照法定记录保存要求妥善保存了审计追踪记录。”
Companies Act has mandatory incorporation of edit logs in accounting software. Therefore, all companies, whether Limited or private limited, are required to enable edit log feature. Edit Log is not required to be maintained by the following:1. Limited Liability Partnership Firms2. Partnership Firm3. Proprietorship/ Individual4. Trust5. Society etc.
As per Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, the auditor is required to report on the following matter of audit trail in his audit report:1. Whether the accounting software of the company has the feature of recording an Audit trail (Edit log);2. Whether such feature was operated throughout the year for all the transactions recorded in software;3. Whether the Audit trail feature has been tampered;4. Whether the audit trail has been preserved by the company or notTherefore, if the answer to any of the above-mentioned points is negative, the auditor is required to report the same in his audit report
As per Section 128 of the Companies Act, 2013, If the managing director, the whole-time director in charge of finance, the Chief Financial Officer, or any other person in charge contravenes provisions with respect to books of accounts then such managing director, whole-time director in charge of finance, Chief Financial officer or such other person in charge shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than INR 50,000 but which may extend to INR 5,00,000.The penalty will be levied based on the nature and extent of the violation.
The audit trail is indeed a commendable step taken by the government to improvise transparency in accounting transactions. However, such an amendment has been implemented with the least clarification. Considering the impact, MCA is required to address various issues such as the definition of Audit Trail, Edit Logs, Class of companies on which such amendment is applicable, how to deal with data of earlier Financial years to be finalized after 01.04.2023, etc.