在印度购买住宅物业可被视为有在印度居留不确定期限的意图

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May 6, 2025

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新德里 SAFEMA 上诉法庭裁决

In the matter of

印度联邦政府诉 Robert Lawrence 先生

被上诉人为英国公民,于 2003-2004 年间在印度购买了两处不动产。上诉人主张,在购买不动产之日,被上诉人并非《外汇管理法》(FEMA)第 2(v) 条所定义的“印度居民”。因此,根据该条例第 8 条的规定,被上诉人在未经印度储备银行(RBI)事先批准的情况下,不得购买印度不动产。此外,FEMA 第 2(v) 条的要求超出了 182 天的强制性条件。在印度停留的意图和目的必须有确凿的证据支持,这也是判定当事人居住身份的重要标准。仅凭在印度购买住宅单元,无法证明其有在印度长期居住的意图。

法庭裁定,被上诉人在印度购置了住宅,且经常往返并居住在印度,这清楚地表明他有在印度长期居住的意图。在特别主任(上诉)审理此案时,被上诉人已在其住宅中居住了超过 18 年,并参与了印度的多项慈善活动。基于这些事实,特别主任(上诉)得出结论,被上诉人有在印度长期居住的意图,其在印度购买住宅的行为符合规定。

延伸阅读: 收到住宅物业租金 TDS 未扣缴通知后的应对措施 | 第 194-IB 条

被上诉人购买住宅的行为被认定为合法,其购买行为未违反任何法律规定。

1. Brief facts of the case:

  • 本案由印度联邦政府根据 1999 年《外汇管理法》(“FEMA”)提起上诉,旨在挑战特别主任(上诉)撤销裁决机构(“AA”)原判的决定。
  • 执法局(“ED”)在接到举报后启动了调查,称 Robert Lawrence 先生(“被上诉人”)在果阿购买的不动产违反了 FEMA 的相关规定。
  • 针对被上诉人违反 FEMA 第 6(3)(i) 条及《外汇管理(印度不动产的取得与转让)条例,2000》(“该条例”)第 8 条规定的行为,相关部门向其发出了说明理由通知书(SCN)。
  • 根据说明理由通知书,被上诉人不符合印度居民的条件,且在未经必要批准的情况下在印度取得了以下两处不动产:

物业性质所在邦销售契据日期对价住宅物业-1果阿2003年3月28日1,534,660卢比住宅物业-2果阿2005年1月19日500,000卢比

  • 裁决机构(AA)对此案进行了审理,处以 40 万卢比的罚款,并没收了相关物业。
  • 被上诉人对该裁决不服,向特别主任(上诉)提起上诉,随后罚款和没收令被撤销。
  • 上诉人印度联邦政府对特别主任(上诉)的裁决不服,向新德里 SAFEMA 上诉法庭提起上诉。

2. 相关法律摘录

现将相关法律摘录重述如下,以供参考:

  1. 1999 年《外汇管理法》第 2(v) 条重述如下:

“印度居民”是指——

“(i) 在上一财政年度在印度居住超过一百八十二天的人,但不包括——

(A) 离开印度或居住在印度境外的人,且属于以下任一情况——

(a) 为在印度境外就业或已在印度境外就业,或

(b) for carrying on outside India a business or vocation, or

(c) for any other purpose, in such circumstances as would indicate his

Intention to stay outside India for an uncertain period;

(B) a person who has come to or stays in India, in either case, otherwise than-

(a) for or on taking up employment in India, or

(b) for carrying on in India a business or vocation, or

(c) for any other purpose, in such circumstances as would indicate his intention to stay in India for an uncertain period”;

  1. Regulation 8 of the Foreign Exchange Management (Acquisition and Transfer of Immoveable Property in India) Regulations, 2000 states that-

“Save as otherwise provided in the Act or Regulations, no person resident outside India shall transfer any immoveable property in India:

Provided the Reserve Bank may, for sufficient reasons, permit the transfer, subject to such conditions as may be considered necessary”.

3. 上诉人主张:

The Appellant Contended that:

  • A “Person resident outside India” is not allowed to acquire any immovable property in India except with the express permission of the RBI.
  • Mr. Robert did not satisfy the residency criteria as contemplated in Section 2(v) of FEMA, therefore, the purchase of residential properties in India is in contravention of the provisions of FEMA.
  • With respect to Residential Property-1, based on documents, on the date of presentation of the Sale Deed or the date of actual payments, the Respondent was not a ‘person resident in India’ and he did not obtain permission from the RBI for the purchase of immovable properties.
  • Therefore, by purchasing the aforesaid two immovable properties, the Respondent has violated the provisions of Section 6(3)(i) of the FEMA and Regulation 8 of the Regulations.
  • Further, provisions of Section 2(v) of FEMA go beyond the mandatory condition of 182 days.
  • The intention and objective of the notices to stay in India is backed by valid material is also an important criterion to decide the residential status of the notices.
  • Mere purchase of a residential unit in India cannot establish their intention to stay in India for an uncertain period of time.
  • As per his own admission, the Respondents came to India to enjoy their retirement life, and they were not pursuing any business of profit in India, but they were holidaying in India.
  • These facts go on to confirm that the Respondents were not in India for any unspecified period, but were in India for a specified period and thus, did not fulfill the twin resident ship criteria as contemplated under section 2(v) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and thus the contraventions stand clearly proved.

4. Analysis by Hon’ble Appellate Tribunal

Hon’ble Appellate Tribunal held that:

  • The Respondent has stayed in India for more than 182 days in the preceding Financial year.
  • 唯一需要裁决的问题是,法律要求个人在印度时是否符合第 2(v)(i)(B) 条的规定,即:
    • 在印度就业;
    • 在印度从事商业或职业活动;
    • 出于任何其他目的,且在当时情况下表明其有在印度居留不确定期限的意图。
  • 在本案中,被申请人为英国公民,自 1988 年起一直往返于印度。
  • 根据文件显示,被申请人及其妻子在 2001-2002 年至 2006-07 年间的每个财政年度中,大部分时间都在印度居住。
  • 此外,被申请人在印度购置了住宅,且经常往返并居住在印度,这清楚地表明他出于居住目的,有在印度居留不确定期限的意图。
  • 在特别局长(上诉)审理期间,被申请人已在其住宅物业中居住了超过 18 年,并参与了印度的多项慈善活动。
  • 基于他们已在印度购买住宅物业的事实,特别局长(上诉)得出结论,明确了他们有在印度居留不确定期限的意图。
  • 因此,在这种情况下,被申请人及其妻子在上一财政年度在印度的居留时间超过了 182 天,且相关情况表明其有居留不确定期限的意图。
  • 被上诉人购买住宅的行为被认定为合法,其购买行为未违反任何法律规定。

5. Final Order

Hon’ble Appellate Tribunal held that:

  • 尊敬的特别局长(上诉)所作出的裁决理由充分且详尽,撤销了裁决机构之前的决定,因此无需进行任何干预。

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特许会计师 Kavit Vijay
本所合伙人 Kavit Vijay 在审计与鉴证领域拥有 15 年的从业经验。他负责领导本所的审计与鉴证部门,擅长领域包括:
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