NRI/POI 将资金从印度汇往境外

Generally Non-Resident Indians (NRI) or Persons of Indian Origin (POI) have funds and other properties in India even when they are residing outside India. Revenue is also generated from investments made in India or from some other sources in India. At some points, NRI or POI are required to repatriate funds lying in Indian bank accounts to their current country of residence. 

Apart from NRIs or PIO, certain people of foreign nations also make investments in India and eventually they are required to remit their revenue in India to their home country.

For the purpose of making this process of remittance hassle-free and keeping requisite control over such transactions, The Reserve Bank of India has notified various rules for remittance of assets from India vide  Notification No. FEMA 13/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000. Compiled instructions of remittance are also given in “Master Direction - Remittance of Assets' issued vide RBI/FED/2015-16/8 FED Master Direction No. 13/2015-16 dated 1st January, 2016. In this article a detailed discussion has been carried out of provisions notified by RBI on remittance of funds from India.

1 What do you mean by “Remittance of Asset”

• 'Remittance of assets' means remittance outside India of funds that are deposited in India.

• These funds may be kept in a:
  • bank/firm/company, 
  • provident fund balance or superannuation benefits, 
  • amount of claim or maturity proceeds of insurance policy, 
  • sale proceeds of shares, securities, immovable property or any other asset held in India in accordance with provisions of FEMA.

2. What is the meaning of Non-Resident Indian(“NRI”) or Person of Indian Origin (POI)

• ‘Non-Resident Indian’ (NRI) means a citizen of India but who is a resident outside India.
• ‘Person of Indian Origin (PIO)’ is a person resident outside India and he is a citizen of any country other than Bangladesh or Pakistan and he satisfying the following conditions:
  • He is a citizen of India under the Constitution of India or the Citizenship Act, 1955 (57 of 1955); or
  • He belongs to territory that became part of India after the 15th day of August, 1947; or
  • Who is a child or a grandchild or a great grandchild of a citizen of India or of a person referred to in clause (a) or (b); or
  • Who is a spouse of foreign origin of a citizen of India or spouse of foreign origin of a person referred to in clause (a) or (b) or (c)

Explanation: PIO will include an ‘Overseas Citizen of India’ cardholder within the meaning of Section 7(A) of the Citizenship Act, 1955.

3. Types of Assets/Funds held in India by NRIs and POIs in India

• In term of Bank Accounts, NRI and POI are permitted to open and operate Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) Account, Non-Resident External (NRE) Rupee Account and Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) (FCNR) Account.
• NRE Account are used to keep income earned outside India. Whereas, NRO Accounts are used to keep income earned in India. 
• Apart from Bank Account, a NRI or POI may also held any of following asset in India:
  • Funds, movable or immovable property held in Indian Bank Account by an NRI when they moved abroad. However, on the date of becoming non-resident, an NRI is required to convert his Indian Rupee Account to NRO Account.
  • Property acquired through inheritance after becoming NRI.
  • Investments made in India through overseas funds whether in movable property or immovable property
  • Income earned in India through various assets or investments held in India.

4 What are the repatriation norms for NRI/POI

4.1 NRE Account:

• NRE Account is maintained to keep the income earned outside India. Therefore, following are permissible credits to NRE Accounts:
  • Inward remittance from outside India
  • Amount transfer from other NRE Account or FCNR Account
  • Interest Income earned on Balance held in NRE Account
  • Maturity proceeds, if any, made from investment made through this account
  • Current income like rent, dividend, pension, interest etc. is also permitted to credit to NRE Account provided the Authorised Dealer is satisfied that the credit represents current income of the NRI/PIO account holder and income tax thereon has been deducted/ paid.

• Funds held in NRO Account, whether principal or interest income, are freely remitable outside India.

4.2 NRO Account:

• NRO Account is maintained for income earned in India such as rental income, Interest Income, income on investment etc.
• Following amounts are permitted to be credited to NRO Account:
  • Inward remittance from outside India
  • Legitimate dues in India
  • Transfer from other NRO Account
  • Rupee gift/ loan made by a resident to a NRI/PIO relative within the limits prescribed under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme may be credited to the latter’s NRO account.

• Funds held in the NRO Account are generally non-repatriable outside India. However, Current income like rent, dividend, pension etc. can be remitted without any monetary limit.
• Further, Authorised dealer may allow NRI/POI to remit upto USD 1 Million per Financial Year out of balance held in NRO Account subject to submission of documentary evidence.
• Where the remittance is to be made from NRO account, the Authorised Dealer should obtain an undertaking from the account holder stating that “the said remittance is sought to be made out of the remitter’s balances held in the account arising from his/ her legitimate receivables in India and not by borrowing from any other person or a transfer from any other NRO account and if such is found to be the case, the account holder will render himself/ herself liable for penal action under FEMA.”

4.3 Immovable Property

Following are the norms for the repatriation of funds collected through sale of immovable Property by NRI or POI:

1. 通过继承、遗赠或使用卢比资金获得的不动产

• 在提供以下文件的前提下，允许汇回资金：
  • 证明汇款人获得资产、继承或遗赠的证明文件，以及
  • 税务机关出具的汇款税务清缴/无欠款证明。

• 若分期进行汇款，所有分期汇款均应通过同一家授权交易商办理。

2. 通过购买获得的不动产

‍

‍

• 然而，对于住宅类房产，出售所得的汇回限制为最多两处房产。

3. 非居民印度人（NRI）将在印度居住期间购买的房产出售所得汇回

• 如果您正在出售在移居海外之前（即您作为印度居民期间）购买的房产，所得款项必须存入您的 NRO 账户。
• 在履行所有税务义务的前提下，您每个财政年度（4月至次年3月）最多可汇回 100 万美元，其中包括所有其他资本交易。
• 仅限两处住宅房产可用于汇回资金。
• 如果您持有该房产至少十年，则可以进行此项汇回。
• 如果您持有该房产不足十年，则不能立即汇回资金，前提是该不动产在印度的持有期与出售所得在 NRO 账户中的留存期累计不少于 10 年。

例如，如果您在持有房产 8 年后将其出售，则需要将出售所得款项在 NRO 账户中留存 2 年。2 年期满后，您即可进行汇回。

4. 非居民印度人（NRI）将在非印度居民期间购买的房产出售所得汇回

• 在您成为非居民印度人（NRI）之后购买的房产，其出售所得仅在满足特定条件后方可汇出印度境外：
  • 房产购买必须符合购买时适用的外汇法律。
  • 汇回金额不得超过该非居民印度人（NRI）通过正规银行渠道汇入印度用于购买上述房产的外汇金额。
  • 汇回金额不得超过购买房产时通过外币非居民（FCNR）账户支付的资金。
  • 汇回金额不得超过使用境外汇入款或从非居民外部（NRE）或 FCNR 账户扣款所偿还的贷款金额。
  • 汇回金额不得超过购买时通过 NRE 账户支付的金额。
  • 在所有情况下，出售所得款项必须存入 NRO 账户，之后每个财政年度最多可汇回 100 万美元。此类汇回仅适用于两处房产。

• 非居民印度人（NRI）使用其外币购买的房产，不受“10 年锁定期方可汇回”规定的限制。

5. 所需证明文件

以下是非居民印度人（NRI）汇回资金所需证明文件的清单：

1. 15CA 表格：

由汇款人签署（纸质或数字签名）并在线提交至税务部门网站的承诺书。

2. 15CB 表格：

由特许会计师出具的证明，确认汇款已缴纳相关税款。

3. A2 表格/对外汇款申请表

适用于将资金从 NRO 账户转账至海外银行账户的情况。

4. FEMA 声明/转账申请

若需将资金从 NRO 账户转入 NRE 账户。

5. 授权银行（AD Bank）要求的任何其他文件。

6. 非居民印度人（NRI）出售房产的税务规定

6.1 取得房产 3 年后出售不动产。

• 如果非居民印度人（NRI）在购买之日起三年后出售房产，将产生 20% 的长期资本利得税。收益计算方式为：出售价值减去经通胀调整后的购买成本。
• 经通胀调整后的购买成本称为“指数化购买成本”。
• 对于继承的房产，在计算持有期限和购买成本时，购买日期和成本按原所有者的日期和成本计算。
• 根据法律规定，非居民印度人（NRI）需缴纳 20% 的源头扣缴税（TDS）。

6.2 取得房产 3 年内出售不动产。

如果他们在购买之日起三年内出售房产，无论税率等级如何，均需缴纳 30% 的短期资本利得源头扣缴税（TDS）。

• 短期资本利得的计算方式为：出售价值减去购买成本。短期资本利得不适用指数化优惠。

7. 非居民印度人（NRI）出售房产的税收减免

• 非居民印度人（NRI）在特定情况下可享受税收减免。

如果他们在购买房产三年后将其出售，并在出售后两年内将所得款项再投资于另一处住宅房产，则新房产成本范围内的收益可免税。

• 另一种减免情况是投资于资本利得债券。

如果非居民印度人（NRI）在购买房产三年后将其出售，并在出售后六个月内将所得款项投资于印度国家公路管理局（National Highways Authority of India）和印度农村电气化公司（Rural Electrification Corp. of India）的债券，则可免缴资本利得税。

这些债券的锁定期为三年。

根据所得税法，还有其他多种减免方式可用于优化所得税负。

上述内容旨在说明非居民印度人（NRI）在房产买卖及出售所得汇回过程中涉及的必要程序。建议咨询专业人士以了解此类交易的更多细节。