El crédito Cenvat mediante la presentación del formulario TRAN 1 puede reclamarse hasta el 30 de junio de 2020

Publicado el:
May 15, 2020

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El Tribunal Superior de Delhi, bajo la sala de división de los honorables jueces Vipin Sanghi y Sanjeev Narula, ha dictado una sentencia histórica que permite presentar el crédito de transición mediante la declaración TRAN 1 hasta el 30 de junio de 2020. Asimismo, ordenó a la administración tributaria que comunique ampliamente esta sentencia para presentar el TRAN-1 en el dominio público, publicándolo en su sitio web para que quienes no pudieron reclamar los beneficios puedan hacerlo ahora.

La sentencia se ha pronunciado en el caso de M/s Brand Equity Treaties Limited, Micromax Informatics Limited, Developer Group India Private Limited, Reliance Elektrik Works contra la Unión de la India y otros (W.P.(C) 11040/2018 y C.M. No. 42982/2018, W.P.(C) 196/2019 y CM APPL. 965/2019, W.P.(C)8496/2019, W.P.(C) 13203/2019)

(ver tabla a continuación)

En el caso expuesto, los demandantes no presentaron el GST TRAN 1 debido a errores propios, y la parte demandada les impidió trasladar el crédito CENVAT acumulado al 30 de junio de 2017 al régimen del GST.

El demandante sostuvo que el crédito CENVAT es un derecho adquirido bajo el Artículo 300A y, por lo tanto, no puede ser revocado simplemente por el incumplimiento de condiciones que son de naturaleza procedimental. Por consiguiente, la Regla 117 de las Reglas CGST de 2017 no es de carácter obligatorio.

Sin embargo, la parte demandada argumentó que el retraso en la presentación del GST TRAN 1 no se debió a fallos técnicos.

El honorable Tribunal Superior de Delhi dictaminó que el término utilizado en la Regla 117(1A) de las Reglas CGST de 2017, "dificultades técnicas en el portal común", no puede tener una interpretación restrictiva y no puede limitarse a las dificultades causadas por la parte demandada. Debe incluir las dificultades que enfrentan los contribuyentes. Al igual que la parte demandada, los demandantes también necesitan tiempo para adaptarse a un nuevo sistema. Además, el plazo prescrito para la utilización del ITC correspondiente al régimen anterior al GST no debe ser discriminatorio ni irrazonable.

Como establece la sentencia, ahora los contribuyentes de todo el país pueden presentar el GST TRAN-1 para obtener el CENVAT o el Crédito Fiscal de los Insumos hasta el 30 de junio de 2020.

En este artículo, hemos presentado una estructura simplificada de todos los hechos esenciales del caso. Eche un vistazo a continuación para obtener una visión general completa.

1. Breve resumen del caso Presentación del GST TRAN 1

Problema enfrentado por varios demandantes, como se muestra en la siguiente tabla

Name of Petitioner Issue in case
Brand Equity Treaties Limited
W.P.(C) 11040/2018 and C.M. No. 42982/2018
Petitioner claimed CENVAT credit in service tax return for the period of April to June, 2017. However, GST TRAN-1 could not be filed within the prescribed time limit because of involvement of multiple entities in preparation of data.
MicroMax Informatics Ltd
W.P.(C) 196/2019& CM APPL. 965/2019
Petitioner claimed CENVAT credit in service tax return. However, he filed GST TRAN-1 form on 24th November, 2017 to avail transitional credit but forgot to carry forward such ITC in GST TRAN-1. Despite repeated follow ups, respondent disallowed credit as same did not get auto populated in GST TRAN-01.
Developer Group India Pvt Ltd
W.P.(C) 8496/2019
Petitioners claimed CENVAT credit in service tax return filed for April, 2017 to June, 2017. Petitioner applied for such refund under section 142(3) of CGST Act but could not complete due to some technical error.
Petitioner was later informed that the petitioner is not entitled to claim refund and therefore filed a physical copy of GST TRAN-01 on 24th August, 2018 with all supporting documents. However, nothing was heard in this regard.
Reliace Elektrik Works
W.P.(C) 13203/2019
The petitioner was also unable to file TRAN-1 due to some errors in the system within the due date and due to utter confusion. Petitioner also tried to get a solution from the respondent but no effective resolution was found.

En consecuencia, los cuatro demandantes buscan una reparación idéntica consistente en ordenar a la parte demandada que permita la utilización del crédito CENVAT acumulado al 30 de junio de 2017 mediante la presentación de una declaración en el formulario GST TRAN 1 más allá del período especificado en las Reglas CGST.

La demanda también cuestionó la validez constitucional de la Regla 117 de las Reglas CGST de 2017 por considerarla arbitraria y violatoria de las disposiciones del Artículo 14 de la Constitución.

2. Referencia legal del caso

  • “Sección 140 – Disposición transitoria del crédito fiscal de los insumos” de la Ley CGST de 2017 especifica que toda persona registrada tiene derecho a trasladar el crédito CENVAT declarado en la declaración del período finalizado el 30.06.2017, sujeto al cumplimiento de las condiciones especificadas.
  • “Regla 117 - Crédito fiscal o de derechos trasladado bajo cualquier ley existente o sobre bienes mantenidos en inventario en la fecha designada” especifica:
    • Toda persona registrada con derecho a tomar crédito bajo la sección 140 deberá presentar una declaración electrónica en el GST TRAN-01 dentro de los 90 días a partir del 01.07.2017.
    • Además, el comisionado puede extender dicho período de 90 días por un período adicional no superior a 90 días.
    • El comisionado puede extender aún más la fecha límite de presentación del GST TRAN-01 por un período adicional, no más allá del 31.03.2019, para aquellas personas registradas que no pudieron presentar la declaración antes del 27.12.2019 debido a fallos técnicos.(Se inserta la Subsección (1A) de la Sección 117)
  • Artículo 14: Igualdad ante la ley: El Estado no negará a ninguna persona la igualdad ante la ley ni la igual protección de las leyes dentro del territorio de la India. Prohibición de discriminación por motivos de religión, raza, casta, sexo o lugar de nacimiento.
  • Artículo 300A-Las personas no serán privadas de sus bienes salvo por autoridad de la ley- Nadie será privado de sus bienes salvo por autoridad de la ley

3. Argumento de los demandantes: el plazo para la presentación del GST TRAN 1 es una condición procedimental más que una disposición obligatoria

El demandante argumentó sobre las siguientes bases:

  • GST System at the relevant point of time or even today is in a nascent “Trial and Error” phase. Therefore, petitioners can’t be made suffer due inefficiency in the system of respondent.
  • The CENVAT credit is the property of the petitioner which is a vested right and very much protected constitutionally through the Article 300A of the Constitution. 
  • The petitioners claimed that the government can’t take away such vested right on account of inability to fulfil any conditions that are too procedural in nature. 
  • They further pleaded to the honorable court that the time to time extensions from the tax department to file claims for CENVAT credit is a clear indicator of the technical errors on the common portal. It also shows that the time limit for GST TRAN 1 filing is a procedural condition rather than a mandatory provision.

4. The Union of India and ORS submitted- Accumulated CENVAT Credit is not a vested right and can’t be claim to perpetuity

  • The respondent demolished all the claims of petitioners as petitioners could not show any significant proof which exhibits their claim for technical glitch.
  • Petitioners do not deserve any sympathy; it exhibited a casual approach on part of the petitioner in GST form TRAN 1 filing. 
  • In all earlier precedents, the extension was granted as there existed some technical glitch due to which GST TRAN 1 filing could not be filed within time.
  • In the given case, petitioners filed GST TRAN 1 filing for the first time after the expiry of the due date.
  • Further, Rule 117 is also valid as section 164(1) of CGST Act, 2017 authorises the government to make rules for carrying out provisions of the act on recommendation of council.
  • Accumulated CENVAT Credit is not a vested right and can’t be claimed to perpetuity. Credit is in the nature of benefit/concession extended as per act. Therefore, rules can be framed for granting benefits.

5. Observations of the Honourable Delhi High Court

Observation of Hon’ble Delhi High Court is as follows:

5.1 The tax department could not meet the expectations and serve the needs of taxpayers

  • The honorable court held that the transition from the former tax regime to GST to avail the tax credit was supposed to be done through an electronic declaration submission in Form GST TRAN 1 filing. 
  • The tax department has extended the due date of filing several times up until 27th December 2019. However, still, there were many taxpayers who could not meet the deadline.
  • The major reasons behind it were the inadequacies in the network of the respondents. The tax department could not meet the expectations and serve the needs of taxpayers. Further, due to low bandwidth, many taxpayers could not file GST TRAN 1 filing on time.
  • Consequently, IT Grievance Redressal Committee was constituted and assigned the tax of addressing grievances of taxpayers.
  • Some of those claims were settled at the governmental level while there were many taken to court. In most of such cases, the decisions were given in favour of taxpayers.
  • Respondent also acknowledged the issue and extended the time limit of filing of GST TRAN-01 under Rule 117(1A) of CGST Rules, 2017. Rule 117(1A) authorised commissioner to extend the due date of filing GST TRAN-01 in respect of those registered persons who could not file the same due to technical glitches.This substantiates that the period for filing the TRAN-1 is not considered as sacrosanct or mandatory.
  • In some of the cases that came before the court, delay in filing of GST TRAN-01 was due to error on part of the taxpayer or due to lack of understanding of the complete Indirect tax system. Even in these cases, court gave benefit of doubt to the taxpayer and allowed to file form beyond due date.
  • In the given case, petitioners either did not keep a track on the timelines or they have been wrongly directed because of the chaos and confusion prevailed at the time of introduction of the GST regime. That's the reason why they don't have enough proof to convincingly exhibit that they have faced technical difficulties while submitting TRAN-1 on GST portal.

5.2 Government can not curtail the accrued or vested right and restrict it to 90 days

  • Section 140(1) of CGST Act enables a registered person to carry forward the ITC accumulated as on 30th June, 2017. Provisions of Service tax were repealed by GST provisions.
  • Credit on 30th June, 2017 was accumulated, acquired and vested on 30th June, 2017 as it was appearing in CENVAT register. Therefore, credit was required to be transitioned to new regime.
  • Time limit of filing of GST TRAN-01 was extended multiple times and it went much beyond the period originally envisaged and has still not expired. Thus, there is nothing sacrosanct about the time limit so provided. 
  • Further, arbitrary classification under Rule 117(1A) restricting the benefit to only those taxpayers whose cases are covered by “technical difficulties on common portal” is arbitrary, vague and unreasonable.
  • “Technical Glitches” is a broader term that can not be restricted only to the difficulties faced by the respondent. It will includes technical difficulties faced by the taxpayer as well including taxpayer’s follies.
  • A complete new system was implemented including new accounting system, reporting of turnover; claiming credit of prepaid taxes; and, payment of taxes. Just like respondents, even taxpayers need time to adapt to the new system. 
  • It is unfair on the part of respondent to expect taxpayers to be fully geared to deal with new system then respondent was himself ill-prepared.
  • The phrase “technical difficulty” has been given a very restrictive meaning which is supplied by the GST system logs.
  • Hon’ble HC mentioned that  It is unfair to create differentiation and restrict benefit to technical snags alone. There could be various different types of technical difficulties occurring on the common portal which may not be solely on account of the failure to upload the form. 
  • Purpose of Rule 117(1A) was to save and protect the rights of taxpayers to avail of the CENVAT credit lying in their account. That objective should also serve other taxpayers, such as the petitioners. The approach of the Government should be fair and reasonable. It cannot be arbitrary or discriminatory, if it has to pass the muster of Article 14 of the Constitution. 

6. Judgement : 30th June 2020 should be Last date of Claiming CENVAT Credit via TRAN-1

  • “Technical Glitches” is a broder term and can’t be restricted to the difficulties being faced by the respondent.
  • Time Limit prescribed for availing ITC with respect to goods purchased in pre-GST regime can’t be  discriminatory and unreasonable. There has to be a rationale forthcoming and, in absence thereof, it would be violative of Article 14 of the Constitution. 
  • CENVAT credit vested is the property of the assessee, and is a constitutional right under Article 300A of the Constitution. The same cannot be taken away merely by way of delegated legislation by framing rules, without there being any overarching provision in the GST Act. 
  • A procedural directory can't overlay or contrary to substantive right vested under sub Section (1) of Section 140.
  • Since Section 140 does not provide statements related to the consequences in case of delayed filing of TRAN-1, the rule 117 needs to be read and understood as a directory but not mandatory.
  • Hon’ble Delhi HC held that Section 117 is directory in nature as far as it prescribes the time-limit for transitioning of credit. Therefore, same would not result in the forfeiture of the rights, in case the credit is not availed within the period prescribed.
  • Sin embargo, esto no significa que el crédito CENVAT pueda aprovecharse a perpetuidad.Dado que no existen disposiciones específicas en la Ley, el tribunal dictaminó que, conforme a las disposiciones residuales de la Ley de Prescripción, un periodo de tres años sería el ideal.Por lo tanto, el tribunal determinó que tres años a partir de la fecha designada constituirían el plazo máximo para aprovechar el crédito CENVAT.

Dado que en este caso todos los demandantes presentaron o intentaron presentar el formulario TRAN-1 dentro del plazo de tres años, deben tener derecho al ITC. Por consiguiente, se les permite presentar el TRAN-1 hasta el 30.06.2020.

7. Conclusión

El aspecto más crucial de esta sentencia es que el Tribunal Superior de Delhi ha instruido al departamento fiscal para que comunique esta decisión al dominio público. La orden será aplicable a todos los contribuyentes que no hayan podido presentar el TRAN-1 y reclamar el ITC, independientemente del motivo.

Aunque el tribunal ha mencionado que el departamento de ingresos debe permitir la presentación del TRAN-1 tanto en línea como de forma presencial, debido al confinamiento actual, las posibilidades de que los contribuyentes lo presenten de forma presencial son muy limitadas.

Si necesita más información sobre el cumplimiento fiscal, no olvide enviar su consulta. Lea más sobre Cómo determinar la sujeción a impuestos de un residente extranjero en la India

Nota: Consulte la sentencia original para obtener una comprensión detallada.

CA Kapil Mittal
Socio con más de 20 años de experiencia asesorando a empresas en expansión global, creación de entidades, estructuración transfronteriza, fiscalidad internacional y cumplimiento normativo en más de 60 jurisdicciones.
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