
Finance Act, 2020 requires e-commerce operators to deduct TDS @ 1% on transactions made through e-commerce platforms. E-commerce operators are required to make such deduction at the time of credit of such amount to the account of e-commerce participant or at the time of payment, whichever is earlier. The Central Board of Direct Taxes has earlier issued Guidelines for deduction of TDS under section 194-O(4) vide Circular no.17 of 2020 dated 29th September, 2020 and vide Circular No. 20 of 2021 dated 25th November, 2021.
CBDT has received various representations on clarification of various issues with respect to deduction of TDS and CBDT has clarified the same vide Circular No. 20 of 2023 dated 28th December, 2023.
Key definition
Guidelines issued by CBDT is discussed in detail below:
If a sale is made through an e-commerce platform, the e-commerce operator is required to deduct TDS. E.g. In case of sales made through Amazon (e-commerce operator), Amazon shall deduct the TDS from the seller at the time of transferring of funds to the account of seller.
However, where more than one e-commerce operators are involved in a transaction then who shall deduct the TDS? There may be a platform or network (e.g., the Open Network for Digital Commerce) on which multiple ECOs are participating in a single transaction. For example, buyer-side ECO is responsible for buyer functions and seller-side ECO for seller functions on a shared transaction network.
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In such cases, there may be two situations:
Situation 1 : Where multiple ECOs are involved in a single transaction of sale of goods or provision of services through ECO platform or network and where the seller-side ECO is not the actual seller of the goods or services.
Situation 2 : Where multiple ECOs are involved in a single transaction of sale of goods or provision of services through ECO platform or network and where the seller-side ECO is the actual seller of the goods or services
In this case, an ECO provides an interface to the buyer, while on the selling side, the seller itself is an ECO and is directly interacting with another ECO.
In this situation, TDS is to be deducted by the E-commerce operator who finally makes the payment or deemed payment to the seller for goods and services.
An E-commerce operators may be levying convenience fees or charging commission for each transaction. Further, sellers may levy logistics & delivery fees for the transaction. Payments may also be made to the platform or network (e.g., ONDC) provider for facilitating the transaction. Would these form part of "gross amount" for the purposes of TDS under section 194-O of the ITA?
In e-commerce, sellers commonly charge buyers for shipping (logistics/delivery/shipping/packaging) fees. Additionally, buyer-side ECO and seller-side ECO may levy a commission on the seller, and the seller recovers such cost from the buyer only.
Example
A buyer buys goods through e-commerce platform with home-delivery and pay following amount:
Los gastos de envío, embalaje, gestión, etc., se cobran por separado al comprador. El CBDT ha aclarado que el TDS debe deducirse sobre el importe bruto de las ventas de 118 rupias.
Doble deducción de TDS en los gastos de gestión
El CBDT ha aclarado que, bajo la sección 194-O de la ley, si el componente impositivo (incluido el GST) se indica por separado en la factura, el TDS bajo la sección 194-O se deducirá sobre el importe acreditado en la cuenta del vendedor, excluyendo dicho importe impositivo indicado por separado en la factura.
Sin embargo, si el TDS se deduce sobre la base del pago porque este se realiza antes del crédito, el TDS se deducirá sobre el importe total, ya que no es factible segregar el importe del impuesto de dicho pago.
El TDS se deduce en el momento del pago o del crédito, lo que ocurra primero. Con respecto a la devolución de una compra, el impuesto debe haberse deducido en la transacción de compra original bajo la sección 194-O de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta.
En tal caso, si se reembolsa dinero por transacciones de devolución de compra, dicho impuesto deducido puede ser ajustado contra la siguiente transacción por el retenedor con el mismo retenido en el mismo año fiscal.
P. ej.
Sin embargo, no se requiere ningún ajuste si la devolución de la compra se reemplaza por los bienes, ya que en ese caso la transacción sobre la cual se dedujo el impuesto bajo la sección 194-O de la ITA se ha completado con el reemplazo de los bienes.
¿Cómo se tratarán los descuentos otorgados por el vendedor como participante de comercio electrónico o por cualquiera de los múltiples ECO al calcular el "importe bruto"?
En este caso, el vendedor reducirá el precio de venta con el descuento de venta. Por ejemplo,
Labeled Price: INR 100
Discount offered: INR 10
Amount receivable from buyer: INR 90
Seller will raise an invoice of INR 90 and TDS will be deducted on INR 90 only.
Where a discount is offered by the e-commerce operator then the seller receives the full consideration for the product. Part of the amount is received from the buyer and balance amount is paid by the e-commerce operator.
P. ej.
Seller Price: INR 100
ECO Discount: INR 10
Amount received from buyer by the ECO: INR 90
Amount paid to the seller: INR 100
Invoice on the buyer will be raised of INR 100.
Accordingly, TDS is required to be deducted on complete amount of INR 100.
