CBIC(中央間接税関税委員会)には、仕入税額控除(ITC)の対象となるか否かについて、デモ用車両に関する様々な照会が寄せられていました。これはCGST法第17条(5)項に基づくものです。デモ用車両は、ディーラーシップの基準に従って認定ディーラーが維持管理しており、潜在的な購入者に対する試乗や車両機能のデモンストレーションに使用されています。
デモ用車両は、認定ディーラーが車両メーカーから税請求書に基づいて購入するものであり、通常、認定ディーラーの帳簿上では固定資産として計上されます。一定期間経過後、認定ディーラーは当該車両を帳簿価額で売却することがあり、その際に適用される税金が課されます。
CBICは、2024年9月10日付の通達No. 231/25/2024-GSTを発行し、デモ用車両に対するITCの適用可能性について明確化しました。当該通達の詳細は以下の通りです。
1. 明確化が求められている質問事項
CBICは、以下の事項について明確化を行いました。
- Availability of ITC on demo vehicles in pursuance of Section 17(5) of the CGST Act
- Availability of ITC on demo vehicles which are capitalized in the books of account by the authorized dealers.
2. 明確化の内容
CBICは以下の通り明確化しました。
2.1 CGST法第17条(5)項に基づくデモ用車両のITC適用可能性
a. 関連する法的規定
- Restriction of availing of ITC concerning motor vehicles is given under section 17(5) of the CGST Act.
- As per Section 17(5)(a) of CGST Act, ITC shall not be available in respect of motor vehicles for transportation of persons having approved seating capacity of not more than 13 persons(including the driver), except when they are used for making following taxable supplies:
- further supply of such motor vehicles;
- transportation of passengers;
- imparting training on driving such motor vehicles.
b. デモ用車両に対するITCの適用可能性
- CBICは、法律の意図として、当該自動車を使用して行われる外向きの課税供給の性質に基づき、ITC制限の対象から特定のケースを除外することを明確にしました。
- ITCの制限から除外される課税供給は以下の通りです。
- 当該自動車のさらなる供給、
- 旅客の輸送、
- 当該自動車の運転訓練の提供。
- デモ用車両は、認定ディーラーが潜在的な購入者に対して試乗を提供し、車両の機能を説明するために使用されます。したがって、デモ用車両は、認定ディーラーが旅客輸送の課税供給や運転訓練の提供のために使用しているとは言えません。そのため、デモ用車両はCGST法第17条(5)(a)項のサブ条項(B)および(C)で規定される除外対象には含まれません。
- したがって、問題となるのは、デモ用車両がCGST法第17条(5)(a)項のサブ条項(A)に規定される「当該自動車のさらなる供給」のために使用されていると言えるかどうかです。
- ITCの制限に関して、CGST法第17条(5)(a)項のサブ条項(A)では「当該自動車(said motor vehicle)」ではなく「そのような自動車(such motor vehicles)」という言葉が使用されています。これは、法律の意図が、それ自体がさらに供給される自動車だけでなく、同種の自動車のさらなる供給のために使用される自動車もITC制限から除外することにあったことを示唆しています。
- デモ用車両は、潜在的な購入者が特定の種類の自動車を購入するかどうかを決定する助けとなります。したがって、デモ用車両は同種の自動車の販売を促進するものであり、「そのような自動車のさらなる供給」のために使用されているとみなすことができます。
- したがって、デモ用車両のITCは、CGST法第17条(5)(a)項のサブ条項(A)によって除外されるため、制限されません。
c. デモ目的以外で使用される自動車に対するITCの適用可能性
- There may be some cases where specified motor vehicles are used by an authorized dealer for other purposes such as transportation of its staff employees/ management etc.
- In such cases, the same cannot be said to be used for making ‘further supply of such motor vehicles’.
- Therefore, ITC in respect of such motor vehicles shall be restricted under Section 17(5)(a) of the CGST Act
d. ITC where authorised dealers act as a service provider
- There may be cases where the authorized dealer merely acts as an agent or service provider to the vehicle manufacturer for providing marketing services including service of the vehicle test drive on behalf of the manufacturer and is not directly involved in the purchase and sale of the vehicles.
- The sale invoice is directly issued by the manufacturer to the customer.
- For providing a test drive facility, the dealer purchases a demo vehicle from the vehicle manufacturer. The dealer may sell the said demo vehicle after a specified time or kilometers on payment of applicable GST.
- In such a case, the authorized dealer is merely providing marketing services to the vehicle manufacturer and is not making the supply of motor vehicles on his account.
- Therefore, such demo vehicles cannot be said to be used for making further supply of such motor vehicles.
- Accordingly, ITC in respect of such a demo vehicle would not be available to the said dealer.
2.2 ITC where demo vehicles are capitalized in the books of account by the authorized dealers.
- As per provisions of section 16(1) of the CGST Act, every registered taxpayer is entitled to take ITC on any supply of goods and services, where such goods or services are used in the course or furtherance of business subject to specified conditions.
- As per Section 2(52) of CGST Act, “goods” means every kind of movable property other than money and securities but includes actionable claims, growing crops, grass, and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before supply or under a contract of supply.
- Further, as per section 2(19) of the CGST Act, “capital goods” means goods, the value of which is capitalized in the books of account of the person claiming the ITC and which are used or intended to be used in the course or furtherance of business.
- The demo vehicles are used by the authorized dealers to promote the further sale of similar motor vehicles and therefore, demo vehicles are used in the course or furtherance of the business of the authorized dealers.
- Where such vehicles are capitalized in the books of accounts by the authorized dealer, the said vehicle falls in the definition of “capital goods”.
- As per provisions of section 16(1) of the CGST Act, a recipient of goods is entitled to take ITC in respect of tax charged on the inward supply of any goods, which as per the definition of “goods” under section 2(52) of CGST Act, includes even capital goods.
- Further, as per section 2(19), the availability of ITC on demo vehicles is not affected by way of capitalization of such vehicles in the books of account of the authorized dealers, subject to the fact that such vehicles are used for the purpose or furtherance of business
- However, in the case of capitalization, the availability of ITC would be subject to provisions of section 16(3) of the CGST Act, which provides that where the registered person has claimed depreciation on the tax component of the cost of capital goods and plant and machinery under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the ITC on the said tax component shall not be allowed.
- Further, in case of subsequent sale of capitalized demo vehicle, the authorized dealer shall have to pay an amount or tax as per provisions of section 18(6) of CGST Act read with rule 44(6) of the Central Goods and Service Tax Rules, 2017.
3. Conclusion:
Admissibility of ITC on demo cars has always been a matter of litigation and there have been many precedents issued on such matters taking different stands. This circular will bring uniformity and clarity on such matters and will reduce the litigations.