GST還付：インボイス価格と船積書類価格の比較

In case of export of goods without payment of IGST under Letter of Undertaking (LUT) or Bond, the taxpayer is entitled to claim refund of accumulated Input Tax Credit. For this purpose, taxpayer is required to file a refund application in Form GST RFD-01 along with all supporting documents. While processing the refund application, All zero-rated supplies are cross-checked with Shipping bills available on ICEGATE gateways. However, one of the major issue notice while processing refund applications is the difference in value of Invoice and corresponding value declared on Shipping Bill.

Due to this reason various GST refund applications have been put to hold or have been rejected. Now, the GST refund is being processed by the department in these cases. However, disputes are still going around about which value should be considered while computing the admissible refund amount under Rule 89(4) of CGST Rules.

This issue has been discussed in detail in this article:

1. Invoice Value Vs Shipping Bill Value on export Invoices

• As per Common trade practice, export and import transactions are carried out as per INCOTERMS, i.e., a set of internationally recognized rules which define the responsibilities of sellers and buyers in the export transaction.
• As per INCOTERMS, an export transaction can be carried out on FOB, CIF, C & F etc. terms.
• On Free on Board (FOB) basis, property/ Ownership in goods is transferred at the time of loading of goods on ship at the seller's port. The responsibility of taking goods to the port of buyer is of the buyer. Therefore, the entire cost of freight and insurance of transit is borne by the buyer. Consideration charged by the seller in these cases contains sales price and freight & Insurance from seller’s premises to the seller’s port of export.
• In case of Cost, Insurance & Freight (CIF) Contract, ownership is transferred to the buyer at the time goods reach the port of buyer. Therefore, the cost of freight and insurance of transit is borne by the seller. Consideration charged by the supplier includes both sales consideration and cost of freight and insurance.

1.1 What is Invoice Value

• In case of export of goods, the taxpayer is required to prepare a tax invoice in accordance with provisions of GST Law.
• As per Section 15 of CGST Act, applicable to IGST Act as well, value of supply of goods shall be as follows:
  • Section 15(1): Value of supply shall be the transaction value, i.e., price actually paid or payable for such supply.
  • Section 15(2)(c): value of supply shall include incidental expenses charged by the supplier to the recipient for anything done by the supplier with respect to such supply before delivery of goods.

• Therefore, as per Section 15 of CGST Act, in case of CIF contracts, value of invoice shall be considered charged by the supplier, including value of freight and insurance.

1.2 What is Value declared on Shipping Bill

• As per custom law, while filing a shipping bill, the exporter is required to declare FOB value on the Shipping bill even in case of CIF Contract.
• On ICEGATE as well, FOB value of the invoice appears.
• In certain cases as well, taxpayers declares different value on shipping bill as compared to invoice value 

2. Which value is to be considered while processing refund applications under GST

• This has been brought to the notice of CBIC while processing refund of accumulated ITC on account of export of goods without payment of IGST, there are various cases where the value declared in the tax invoice is different from the export value declared in the corresponding shipping bill under the Customs Act.

• Therefore, CBIC has clarified the issue vide Para 9 of circular No. 37/11/2018-GST dated 15th March, 2018 which states:
  • Zero-rated supply of goods is effected under the provisions of the GST laws. 
  • An exporter, at the time of supply of goods declares that the goods are for export and the same is done under an invoice issued under rule 46 of the CGST Rules.
  • The value recorded in the GST invoice should normally be the transaction value determined in accordance with Section 15 of CGST Act.
  • The same transaction value should normally be recorded in the corresponding shipping bill / bill of export. 
  • However, During the processing of the refund claim, the value of the goods declared in the GST invoice and the value in the corresponding shipping bill should be examined and the lower of the two values should be sanctioned as refund.

• Therefore, as per clarification issued by department, in case of difference in invoice value and shipping bill value, lower of the two values should be taken to sanction the refund.

3. Computation of Refund Amount

• As per Rule 89(4) of CGST Rules, In case of zero-rated supply of goods without payment of IGST under LUT or Bond, Refund of ITC to be granted shall be computed by following formula:

Refund Amount = (Turnover of zero-rated supply of goods + Turnover of zero-rated supply of services) x Net ITC ÷Adjusted Total Turnover

• Turnover of Zero-rated supply of goods shall be lower of the following amount:
  • the value of zero-rated supply of goods made during the relevant period without payment of tax under bond or letter of undertaking; or 
  • 1.5 times value of the like goods domestically supplied by the supplier.

• “Adjusted Total Turnover” shall:
  • Include:
    • the turnover in a State or a Union territory, as defined under Section 2(112) of CGST Act,, excluding the turnover of services; and
    • the turnover of zero-rated supply of services and non-zero-rated supply of services,
  • Exclude:
    • the value of exempt supplies other than zero-rated supplies; and
    • the turnover of supplies in respect of which refund is claimed under sub-rule (4A) or sub-rule (4B) or both, if any,.

4. Issue arises in the computation of refund amount

• CGST規則第89条(4)に基づく還付額の計算において、GST当局は2018年3月15日付通達No. 37/11/2018-GSTで明確化された通り、インボイス価格と船積書類（シッピングビル）価格のいずれか低い方の金額を採用しました。

• 規則第89条(4)に基づく還付額の計算において、担当官は当局が発行した明確化に基づき、分子となる「ゼロ税率供給の売上高」を算出する際、低い方の金額を採用しました。

• しかしながら、調整後総売上高を計算する際、担当官はインボイス価格の低い方ではなく、インボイス価格そのものを採用しています。その結果、納税者への還付額が減額される事態が生じています。

• 例：

5. 「調整後総売上高」の計算に関する明確化

• CBICは、2021年3月12日付通達No. 147/03/2021-GSTの第4項において、「調整後総売上高」の計算方法を明確化しました。

• 同通達によると、調整後総売上高の金額には、CGST法第2条(112)で定義される州または連邦直轄領における売上高が含まれます。

• CGST法2017年第2条(112)に基づき、「州における売上高または連邦直轄領における売上高」とは、以下の合計額を意味します。

• すべての課税対象供給（リバースチャージ方式により納税者が納税義務を負う仕入供給の価額を除く）
• 、課税対象者が州または連邦直轄領内で行う免税供給、
• 物品またはサービスの輸出（あるいはその両方）、および
• 当該課税対象者が州または連邦直轄領から行う物品またはサービスの州間供給
• 。ただし、中央税、州税、連邦直轄領税、統合税、および課徴金は除外されます。

• 「調整後総売上高」には「州における売上高または連邦直轄領における売上高」が含まれます。CGST法2017年第2条(112)に基づき、「州における売上高または連邦直轄領における売上高」には、輸出額またはゼロ税率供給額が含まれます。したがって、CGST規則第89条(4)の目的で計算されたゼロ税率供給額は、「州における売上高または連邦直轄領における売上高」を計算する際にも考慮されるべきです。これに従い、「調整後総売上高」には、CGST規則第89条(4)の目的で計算されたゼロ税率供給額が含まれるものとします。

• したがって、「ゼロ税率供給」および「調整後総売上高」の両方を計算する際には、インボイス価格と船積書類価格のいずれか低い方を採用する必要があります。