Declaración de activos extranjeros y presentación de informes fiscales: una guía para entidades estadounidenses

Publicado el:
December 11, 2025

Tabla de contenido

Hable con nosotros
¡Gracias! Hemos recibido su envío.
¡Vaya! Algo salió mal al enviar el formulario.

Una firma,
soluciones globales

Apoyamos los negocios internacionales con confianza y claridad.
Agendar una llamada

For U.S. businesses and investors, foreign asset disclosure is a crucial component of tax compliance, yet it remains one of the most commonly overlooked areas. With the IRS increasingly focusing on FATCA and Form 8938, failing to disclose foreign assets can lead to significant penalties and legal complications. 

Understanding these regulations is essential to safeguarding your financial and business interests.

This blog will walk you through everything you need to know about IRS foreign asset disclosure, including the intricacies of FATCA and the specific reporting requirements for assets held. Let’s get started. 

Puntos clave

  • Foreign Asset Disclosure is Essential: Accurate reporting of foreign assets is vital for U.S. taxpayers. Non-compliance can result in severe financial penalties and legal consequences.
  • FBAR and Form 8938 Filing Requirements: U.S. taxpayers must file Form 8938 and FBAR if foreign assets exceed certain thresholds. Both forms have different filing processes and penalties for non-compliance.
  • Penalties for Non-Disclosure: Penalties for failing to report foreign assets include fines up to $100,000 for willful violations, and criminal charges for intentional non-compliance.
  • FATCA’s Impact: The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) strengthens reporting requirements for U.S. taxpayers with foreign assets, enhancing the IRS’s ability to detect and prevent tax evasion.
  • Stay Compliant and Avoid Risks: Following IRS guidelines and filing foreign asset reports accurately can help prevent costly penalties, IRS scrutiny, and potential criminal charges.

What is a Foreign Financial Asset?

A foreign financial asset refers to any financial asset held or maintained outside of the United States. These assets are key for accurate tax reporting and include various forms, such as:

  • Foreign Bank Accounts: Savings, checking, or other accounts held with foreign financial institutions.
  • Foreign Securities: Stocks, bonds, or securities issued by non-U.S. entities.
  • Interests in Foreign Entities: Ownership in foreign corporations, partnerships, or trusts.
  • Foreign Mutual Funds: Investment funds that pool capital to purchase foreign securities.
  • Foreign Real Estate: Property located outside the U.S., especially if held through foreign entities.
  • Foreign Partnership Interests: Ownership in foreign partnerships.
  • Foreign Financial Instruments: Contracts or financial instruments issued by foreign parties.

The IRS requires U.S. taxpayers, including citizens, green card holders, residents, and business entities, to disclose foreign financial assets if they exceed the reporting thresholds. Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets) helps track foreign financial assets and ensure compliance with tax obligations.

Also Read: IRS Wage Garnishment: How to Prevent and Fix It

Now that we understand what constitutes a foreign financial asset, let’s look at why reporting these assets is so important.

Why Is Foreign Asset Disclosure Important?

Why Is Foreign Asset Disclosure Important?

The IRS has significantly increased its efforts to identify unreported offshore assets due to concerns over tax evasion and money laundering. As part of this, FATCA and global tax treaties now require foreign banks to report U.S. account holders to the IRS.

Failing to disclose foreign assets, such as bank accounts, real estate, or investments, can lead to serious consequences:

  • Severe financial penalties: Penalties can reach up to 50% of the account balance.
  • IRS audits and tax investigations: Failure to report assets often triggers thorough IRS scrutiny.
  • Asset seizures and frozen bank accounts: The IRS may seize assets or freeze accounts if foreign assets are not disclosed.
  • Criminal charges for tax evasion: Non-disclosure can lead to criminal investigations and charges.

Staying compliant with foreign asset reporting requirements is essential to avoid these risks and prevent unwanted IRS scrutiny.

With the stakes clear, it’s essential to understand how IRS Form 8938 plays a key role in this process.

Why IRS Form 8938 Matters

IRS Form 8938 is a critical tool in the U.S. government’s effort to curb tax evasion through foreign financial assets. While similar to the FBAR (FinCEN Form 114), Form 8938 has distinct reporting requirements and thresholds. 

This form, part of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), ensures U.S. taxpayers disclose their foreign financial holdings to the IRS.

Who Needs to File Form 8938?

Debe presentar el Formulario 8938 si es una persona física o una entidad nacional especificada que posee activos financieros extranjeros que superan los umbrales de declaración del IRS.

  • Las personas físicas especificadas incluyen ciudadanos estadounidenses, extranjeros residentes o extranjeros no residentes que eligen ser tratados como residentes.
  • Las entidades nacionales especificadas incluyen ciertas corporaciones, sociedades y fideicomisos nacionales formados principalmente para mantener activos financieros extranjeros.

Umbrales de declaración

El IRS define umbrales de declaración específicos según su estado civil para efectos de la declaración y su residencia. Estos umbrales determinan cuándo es necesario presentar el Formulario 8938.

Filing Status

Living in the U.S.

Living Abroad

Single / Married Filing Separately

More than $50,000 at year-end, or more than $75,000 during the year

More than $200,000 at year-end, or more than $300,000 during the year

Married Filing Jointly

More than $100,000 at year-end, or more than $150,000 during the year

More than $400,000 at year-end, or more than $600,000 during the year

Una declaración precisa en el Formulario 8938 del IRS garantiza el cumplimiento de las leyes fiscales de EE. UU. y proporciona transparencia con respecto a los activos financieros extranjeros.

Además del Formulario 8938, es posible que los contribuyentes estadounidenses deban presentar formularios adicionales para declarar activos extranjeros, como fideicomisos, intereses comerciales y participaciones en corporaciones extranjeras.

Asset Type

Threshold

Form to File

Foreign Trusts and Gifts

Gifts from foreign individuals exceeding $100,000

Form 3520 & Form 3520-A

Ownership in a Foreign Corporation

U.S. taxpayers with at least 10% ownership in a foreign corporation

Form 5471

Foreign Partnerships and Business Interests

At least 10% ownership in a foreign partnership, or transferring $100,000+ to a foreign corporation

Form 8865 (partnership) & Form 926 (foreign transfers)

Estar al tanto de estos requisitos de declaración adicionales garantiza el pleno cumplimiento de las leyes fiscales de EE. UU. y ayuda a evitar complicaciones con las tenencias de activos extranjeros.

Lea también: Reducción de multas por primera vez del IRS: ideas y tácticas clave para empresas estadounidenses

A continuación, examinemos algunas situaciones en las que podría estar exento de este requisito.

Excepciones a la presentación del Formulario 8938

Aunque muchos contribuyentes estadounidenses con activos financieros extranjeros deben presentar el Formulario 8938, existen algunas excepciones importantes a considerar:

  • Activos extranjeros exentos: Ciertos activos financieros extranjeros pueden estar exentos de declaración, particularmente para los ciudadanos estadounidenses que viven en el extranjero. Si se cumplen condiciones específicas, estos activos no necesitan ser declarados.
  • Por debajo del umbral de declaración: Si el valor total de sus activos extranjeros cae por debajo del umbral de declaración, no está obligado a presentar el Formulario 8938. Este umbral varía según su estado civil para efectos de la declaración y si vive en los EE. UU. o en el extranjero.
  • Sin requisito de presentar declaración de impuestos: Los contribuyentes que no están obligados a presentar una declaración de impuestos están exentos de presentar el Formulario 8938, incluso si poseen activos financieros extranjeros.
  • Ciertas entidades nacionales: Algunas entidades nacionales, como sociedades y corporaciones, no necesitan presentar el Formulario 8938 incluso si poseen activos financieros extranjeros.

Sin embargo, incluso si está exento de presentar el Formulario 8938, es posible que aún se requieran otros formularios, como el FBAR (Formulario 114 de FinCEN), para declarar activos financieros extranjeros.

Para evitar confusiones, comparemos las diferencias clave entre la presentación del Formulario 8938 y el FBAR.

Diferencias entre el Formulario 8938 y el FBAR/FinCEN 114

Muchos contribuyentes confunden el Formulario 8938 con el FBAR. Ambos tratan sobre activos financieros extranjeros, pero las reglas, los umbrales y los procesos de presentación difieren.

Requirement

FBAR (FinCEN Form 114)

FATCA (IRS Form 8938)

Who Must File

U.S. persons with foreign bank or financial accounts

U.S. taxpayers with foreign assets that exceed specific reporting thresholds

Threshold

More than $10,000 across all foreign accounts at any time in the year

Starts at $50,000 for single filers and $100,000 for joint filers, with higher limits for taxpayers abroad

Where It’s Filed

Filed through the FinCEN BSA E-Filing System and submitted separately

Filed with the taxpayer’s annual IRS income tax return

Covered Assets

Foreign bank, brokerage, and financial accounts only

Broader list including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, pensions, and foreign business interests

Level of Detail Required

Requires basic account information with fewer documentation details

Requires detailed asset information, including type, value, and foreign institution name and address

Filing Deadline

Due April 15 each year, with an automatic extension to October

Due with the annual tax return based on the taxpayer’s filing deadline

El Formulario 8938 abarca un conjunto más amplio de activos extranjeros y requiere una declaración más detallada, ya que forma parte de la declaración de impuestos anual. El FBAR se centra únicamente en las cuentas extranjeras, tiene su propio proceso de presentación y se aplica incluso cuando no se requiere presentar una declaración de impuestos.

Nota: Los contribuyentes que cumplen con ambos umbrales deben presentar ambos formularios y asegurarse de que las mismas cuentas se declaren de manera consistente.

Lea también: Entendiendo el Anexo K-1 del Formulario 1065 de impuestos

Una vez que sepa qué formularios presentar, aquí le explicamos cómo puede proceder para declarar sus activos extranjeros correctamente.

Cómo declarar activos en el extranjero

How to Report Foreign Assets

Declarar activos en el extranjero es un paso fundamental para garantizar el cumplimiento de las normativas fiscales y de divulgación financiera de los EE. UU. A continuación, presentamos una guía simplificada para que los contribuyentes estadounidenses sepan cómo declarar sus activos financieros en el extranjero:

1. Determine sus requisitos de declaración

No todos los contribuyentes estadounidenses deben declarar sus activos en el extranjero. Si el valor combinado de sus cuentas financieras en el extranjero supera los 10 000 USD en cualquier momento del año, debe presentar el Formulario 114 de FinCEN, conocido como Informe de Cuentas Bancarias y Financieras Extranjeras (FBAR). Este formulario se presenta electrónicamente ante FinCEN, no ante el IRS.

2. Presente el Formulario 8938

Si sus activos en el extranjero superan ciertos umbrales específicos, debe presentar el Formulario 8938, Declaración de Activos Financieros Extranjeros Especificados, junto con su declaración de impuestos (generalmente el Formulario 1040). Este formulario proporciona detalles adicionales sobre sus activos financieros en el extranjero.

Cualquier ingreso generado por sus activos en el extranjero, como intereses, dividendos o ingresos por alquileres, también debe declararse en su declaración de impuestos de los EE. UU.

3. Formularios adicionales

Dependiendo de su situación, es posible que se requieran otros formularios. Por ejemplo, el Formulario 5471 es necesario para corporaciones extranjeras, mientras que el Formulario 3520 o 3520-A puede ser necesario para fideicomisos extranjeros. Es esencial mantener registros precisos de todos sus activos y transacciones en el extranjero. Esto respaldará su declaración en caso de una auditoría.

Los contribuyentes que viven en el extranjero suelen utilizar el Formulario 1040, pero pueden necesitar formularios adicionales como el Formulario 2555 (Exclusión de Ingresos Ganados en el Extranjero) o el Formulario 1116 (Crédito Fiscal Extranjero). Consulte siempre las directrices más recientes del IRS para garantizar el cumplimiento.

Lea también: Externalización de servicios fiscales a la India: una guía para empresas estadounidenses

Guía paso a paso para presentar el Formulario 8938

  1. Reúna los documentos financieros

Necesitará registros de sus cuentas, inversiones y otros activos en el extranjero, incluido el valor máximo de cada activo durante el año.

  1. Complete el formulario
    • Parte I: Cuentas de depósito y custodia en el extranjero: Declare cualquier cuenta de ahorro o inversión en el extranjero. Incluya el número de cuentas y su valor más alto durante el año.
    • Parte II: Otros activos en el extranjero: Declare acciones, valores u otros activos financieros extranjeros que no se encuentren en una cuenta financiera.
    • Parte III: Ingresos de activos en el extranjero: Enumere cualquier ingreso (intereses, dividendos, ganancias de capital) obtenido de sus activos en el extranjero, asegurándose de que coincida con lo que declara en su declaración de impuestos.
    • Parte IV: Activos exceptuados: Si ya ha declarado ciertos activos en otros formularios (por ejemplo, el Formulario 3520 o 5471), indíquelo aquí para evitar duplicidades.
  2. Valoración de sus activos

Para las cuentas en el extranjero, utilice el valor más alto alcanzado durante el año. Para otros activos, utilice su valor justo de mercado al cierre del año, convirtiendo los valores a dólares estadounidenses según el tipo de cambio de cierre del año.

  1. Bienes raíces en el extranjero

Los bienes raíces en el extranjero generalmente no se declaran a menos que se posean a través de una entidad o generen ingresos, como ingresos por alquiler. Revise las directrices del IRS para conocer las normas específicas de declaración de bienes raíces.

FATCA y su impacto en la declaración

La ley FATCA exige que los contribuyentes estadounidenses revelen sus activos en el extranjero y obliga a las instituciones financieras extranjeras a informar al IRS sobre los titulares de cuentas estadounidenses. Esta ley ayuda al IRS a detectar y prevenir la evasión fiscal relacionada con cuentas en el extranjero.

If you hold foreign assets, FATCA may impose additional reporting obligations on both you and the foreign financial institutions holding your assets. Accountants assisting clients with foreign assets should be familiar with FATCA’s implications, ensuring that all assets are properly reported and that clients are aware of their obligations.

Missing a foreign asset disclosure deadline or making errors can lead to costly penalties. VJM Global specializes in helping U.S. businesses and investors manage the complexities of FBAR, Form 8938, and other foreign asset reporting requirements. With expertise in cross-border tax compliance and audit support, we ensure your disclosures are accurate and timely, keeping your operations fully compliant with IRS regulations. Get started today. 

But what happens if you fail to report these assets? Let’s take a look at the penalties for non-compliance.

Penalties for Non-Compliance with Foreign Asset Disclosure

Penalties for Non-Compliance with Foreign Asset Disclosure

Failure to disclose foreign assets can result in severe financial penalties, civil cases, and criminal charges. Here’s a breakdown of the penalties associated with non-compliance:

  1. FBAR Penalties (FinCEN Form 114)
    • Non-Willful Violations: A penalty of up to $10,000 per violation.
    • Willful Violations: The penalty is the greater of $100,000 or 50% of the account balance per violation.
    • Criminal Charges: Intentional non-compliance can result in up to five years in prison.
  2. FATCA Penalties (Form 8938)
    • Failure to file can result in a $10,000 penalty.
    • An additional penalty of $50,000 may apply if the IRS issues multiple non-compliance notices.
    • Willful violations may lead to criminal penalties for tax evasion.
  3. Foreign Trust & Business Reporting Penalties
    • Form 3520 (Foreign Trusts & Gifts): Penalty of 35% on unreported amounts.
    • Form 5471 (Foreign Corporations): $10,000 per missed filing.
    • Form 8865 (Foreign Partnerships): $10,000 for each missing filing.

Keeping accurate records and filing on time is the best way to ensure compliance and avoid the costly consequences of non-disclosure.

To wrap things up, here are some practical tips to ensure you file IRS Form 8938 correctly and remain compliant.

Top Tax Tips And Best Practices for Filing IRS Form 8938

Top Tax Tips And Best Practices for Filing IRS Form 8938

Filing IRS Form 8938 can seem daunting, especially when dealing with foreign financial assets. To help you tackle the process, here are some valuable tips to ensure you stay compliant:

1. Don’t Forget About Joint Accounts

Joint ownership affects how you report assets. If you’re filing jointly with a spouse, report the full value of jointly owned assets once. For joint ownership with individuals who are not your spouse, report the full value of the asset. This rule applies regardless of whether the other joint owner is a business partner, friend, or relative.

2. Track the Maximum Value of Your Assets

You must report the maximum value of your foreign assets during the year, not just their value at year-end. Use account statements to identify the highest value of your foreign assets during the tax year.

3. Convert Foreign Currency Accurately

When converting foreign assets into U.S. dollars, use the exchange rate on December 31st of the tax year. If you sold or closed an asset before the year-end, still use the exchange rate on December 31st.

4. Don’t Mix Up FBAR and Form 8938

Both FBAR (FinCEN Form 114) and Form 8938 require reporting of foreign assets, but their filing requirements differ:

  • FBAR is filed with FinCEN if foreign accounts exceed $10,000 at any point during the year.
  • Form 8938 is filed with your tax return and has higher reporting thresholds.

You may need to file both forms, depending on your assets.

5. Use Reasonable Estimates If Necessary

If you’re unsure of an asset’s exact value, you can use a reasonable estimate based on available information. For example, use financial statements or publicly available market data to estimate values. Be sure to document how you arrived at your estimate in case the IRS asks for clarification.

6. File Form 8938 Even If You Don’t Owe Taxes

You are required to file Form 8938 even if you don’t owe any U.S. taxes. The IRS uses this form to track foreign financial assets, so it must be filed regardless of your tax liability.

7. Seek Professional Help When Needed

Filing Form 8938 can be complicated, especially when dealing with foreign assets. If you’re unsure about any part of the filing process, consult a professional. VJM Global offers U.S.‑trained CPA & CA teams, Form 8938/FBAR cross‑border compliance, and full accounting‑outsourcing support for U.S. companies with Indian operations, so you can stay compliant with ease. 

Following these tips simplifies the Form 8938 filing process, ensures you meet IRS requirements, and helps you avoid penalties. 

Conclusion

Accurately reporting foreign assets is a regulatory requirement and a crucial step in avoiding significant penalties. The complexity of international tax laws and foreign asset disclosure can be tricky, but ensuring compliance is essential for the long-term financial health of U.S. businesses and investors.

VJM Global’s specialized services ensure your compliance with U.S. tax regulations, including FBAR and Form 8938. Here’s how we can help:

  • Comprehensive Reporting Assistance: We ensure accurate and timely filing of FBAR, Form 8938, and other foreign asset disclosures, protecting you from costly penalties.
  • Expert Guidance on International Taxation: With our deep expertise in international tax compliance, we help businesses manage tax risks across multiple jurisdictions and ensure proper foreign asset reporting.
  • Tailored Tax Advisory: We provide solutions to address your complex tax situations, ensuring compliance while minimizing tax liabilities and managing cross-border challenges.
  • Audit Support & Tax Preparation: Our team provides audit support and tax preparation services to ensure your foreign asset disclosures align with your tax returns and IRS requirements.
  • Proactive Risk Management: We stay ahead of regulatory changes, helping you avoid penalties and ensuring that your foreign asset reporting process is efficient and up to date.

Get in touch with our expert team today to ensure your foreign asset disclosure is handled seamlessly and in full compliance with U.S. tax laws.

Preguntas frecuentes

1. What is FBAR, and who needs to file it?

FBAR (Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts Report) is required for U.S. taxpayers who have foreign financial accounts exceeding $10,000 in aggregate value at any point during the year. If you meet this threshold, you must file FinCEN Form 114.

2. What are the penalties for failing to report foreign assets?

Penalties for non-compliance can be severe, including civil fines up to $10,000 per violation for non-willful failures and up to $100,000 or 50% of the account balance for willful violations. Criminal charges may also apply in cases of intentional non-compliance.

3. What is Form 8938, and who needs to file it?

Form 8938 is required for U.S. taxpayers with specified foreign assets exceeding certain thresholds. It must be filed with your annual tax return (Form 1040) if your foreign assets meet these thresholds.

4. How does VJM Global assist with foreign asset reporting?

VJM Global offers comprehensive support with FBAR, Form 8938, and other foreign asset disclosures. We provide tax preparation, audit support, and international tax advisory services to ensure full compliance with U.S. regulations.

‍

VJM Global
Descubre opiniones de expertos, consejos y novedades de VJM Global
Conozca más sobre el autor

Blogs recientes